smoking article comprising an airflow directing element

专利摘要:
SMOKING ARTICLE COMPRISING AN AIRFLOW DIRECTING ELEMENT. Smoking article (100) with mouth and distal ends comprising: heat source (102); aerosol forming substrate (104); air flow directing element (via) (106) with permeable segment (128) downstream of the aerosol substrate, at least one air inlet (132) to be sucked by the permeable segment. The flow path comprises first and second portions, with the first from the at least one inlet towards the aerosol substrate, and the second from the aerosol substrate towards the mouth end of the article. The first portion is defined as a low drag resistance portion of the permeable segment extending from a point near at least one inlet to an upstream end of the permeable segment, this further comprises a high drag strength portion extending from a point near the at least one inlet to a downstream end of the permeable segment with a high to low portion strength ratio greater than 1:1 and less than 50:1. A user aspirates the mouth end through the at least one inlet. The aspirated air passes upstream along the first portion of the (...).
公开号:BR112015012068B1
申请号:R112015012068-7
申请日:2013-12-20
公开日:2021-07-06
发明作者:Frederic Lavanchy；Stéphane Roudier；Oleg Mironov；Daniele Sanna
申请人:Philip Morris Products S.A.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to a smoking article comprising a heat source and an aerosol forming substrate.
[0002] Several smoking articles in which tobacco is heated rather than combusted have been proposed in the field. One of the goals of such "heated" smoking articles is to reduce the known harmful components of smoke, of the type produced by the combustion and pyrolytic degradation of tobacco, in conventional cigarettes. In a known type of heated smoking article, an aerosol is generated by transferring heat from a combustible heat source to an aerosol-forming substrate located within the boundaries of, around or downstream of the combustible heat source. During smoking, volatile compounds are released from the aerosol-forming substrate of the combustible heat source and entrained in aspirated air through the smoking article. As released compounds cool, they condense to form an aerosol that is inhaled by the user. Typically, air is drawn into one of these known smoking articles through one or more air flow channels provided by the combustible heat source and heat transfer from the combustible heat source to the aerosol forming substrate occurs by convection (ie, blowing) and forced conduction.
[0003] For example, WO-A2-2009/022232 discloses a smoking article which includes a combustible heat source, an aerosol forming substrate downstream of the combustible heat source, and a heat conducting element around, and in direct contact with, a rear portion of the combustible heat source and with an adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate. To provide a controlled amount of forced convective heating of the aerosol forming substrate, at least one longitudinal air flow channel is provided through the combustible heat source.
[0004] In known smoking articles in which the heat transfer from the heat source to the aerosol forming substrate occurs primarily by forced convection, the convective heat transfer and therefore the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate can vary considerably, depending on the blowing behavior of the user. As a result, the composition and therefore the sensory properties of the main aerosol inhaled by the user can be disadvantageously highly sensitive to the user's puff regime.
[0005] In known heated smoking articles where air drawn through the smoking article comes into direct contact with a combustible heat source of the heated smoking article, user puffs result in activation of combustion of the combustible heat source. Intense blowing regimes can therefore lead to convective heat transfers high enough to cause spikes in the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate, disadvantageously leading to pyrolysis and even potential localized combustion of the aerosol forming substrate. As used herein, the term "peak" is used to describe a brief increase in the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate.
[0006] The levels of undesirable pyrolytic by-products or combustion derivatives in the main aerosols generated by such known smoking articles may also disadvantageously vary depending on the blowing regime adopted by the user.
[0007] There is still a need for a heated smoking article comprising a heat source and an aerosol forming substrate downstream of the heat source in which the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate and therefore the aerosol composition remains largely unaffected by user breath regimes. There remains, in particular, a need for a heated smoking article comprising a heat source and an aerosol forming substrate downstream of the heat source wherein substantially no combustion or pyrolysis of the aerosol forming substrate takes place over the widest range. of smoking conditions that can be realistically adopted by the user.
[0008] According to the invention, a smoking article is provided which contains a mouth end and a distal end. The smoking article comprises: a heat source; an aerosol forming substrate; an air flow directing element comprising an air permeable segment downstream of the aerosol forming substrate, the flow directing element defining an air flow path; and at least one air inlet so that air can be drawn into the air permeable segment. The airflow path comprises a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the airflow path extending from at least one air inlet towards the aerosol forming substrate, and the second extending portion of the airflow path of the aerosol forming substrate towards the mouth end of the smoking article. The first part of the airflow path is defined by a low drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment which extends from a point near at least one air inlet to an upstream end of the air-permeable segment, and the air-permeable segment further comprises a high drag-resistance portion extending from a point near at least one air inlet to a downstream end of the air-permeable segment. The ratio of the drag resistance of the high drag portion to the drag strength of the low drag portion is greater than 1:1 and less than about 50:1. Preferably, the second portion of the air flow path is defined by a substantially hollow tube.
[0009] When in use, air is drawn into the air flow directing element through at least one air inlet. At least a portion of the drawn in air flows upstream along the first portion of the air flow path, through the low drag portion of the air permeable segment, towards the aerosol forming substrate. Air flows through the aerosol forming substrate and then downstream along the second portion of the airflow path towards the mouth end of the smoking article. In the preferred embodiment, most of the air flows through the low drag portion of the air permeable segment.
[00010] As used in this document, the term "air-permeable segment" refers to a segment that is not blocked, plugged or sealed so as to completely block the passage of air through the air-permeable segment. As such, each portion of the air-permeable segment has finite drag resistance. Fabricating the air-permeable segment without such a plug or seal advantageously reduces fabrication complexity. In addition, manufacturing the air-permeable segment without such a plug or seal may advantageously reduce or eliminate the need to take on the onerous procedure of selecting and testing materials for use in forming the seal, in order to determine its suitability for use in articles smokers. In certain preferred embodiments, the air permeable segment is open ended to allow air to pass therethrough from the upstream end to the downstream end of the air permeable segment.
[00011] As used in this document, the term "airflow pathway" is used to describe a route along which air can be drawn through the smoking article upon inhalation by a user.
[00012] As used in this document, the term "nearby" is used to refer to components that are very close, or close to each other.
[00013] The drag resistance is measured in accordance with ISO 6565:2011 and is typically expressed in units of mmH2O. The drag resistance of the air permeable segment can be measured by drawing through one end of the air flow directing member, the second portion of the air flow path being sealed so that air flows only through the permeable segment. to the air from the air flow directing element. Preferably, the drag resistance of the air permeable segment is homogeneous over the length of the segment. In such embodiments, the drag resistance of the low drag portion and the high drag strength portion, respectively, will be proportional to their respective lengths in the air permeable segment. In a preferred embodiment, at least one air inlet is located towards the upstream end of the air flow directing element. In this way, the drag resistance of the air-permeable segment portion against the air inlet current of at least one air inlet must be less than the drag resistance of the air-permeable segment portion downstream of at least one air entrance.
[00014] In other embodiments in which the drag resistance of the air-permeable segment is not homogeneous along the length of the segment, the drag resistance of the low drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment can be measured by cutting across the element directing the airflow at a location corresponding to at least one air inlet closest to the upstream end of the air-permeable segment to separate the low drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment from the rest of the permeable segment, and vacuuming one end of the cut low drag portion is cut while sealing the second portion of the air flow path so that air flows only through the low drag portion of the air permeable segment. Likewise, the drag resistance of the high drag resistance portion of the air-permeable segment can be measured by cutting the air flow directing element transversely at a location corresponding to at least one air inlet closer to the end. downstream of the air-permeable segment to separate the high drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment from the rest of the air-permeable segment, and vacuuming at one end of the cut high drag-resistance portion while seals the second portion of the airflow path so that air flows only through the high drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment.
[00015] The smoking article may comprise a plurality of rows of air inlets, each row comprising a plurality of air inlets. In the present embodiment, the rows preferably circumscribe the air flow directing element. The rows of air inlets can be separated by between about 0.5 mm and about 5.0 mm along the longitudinal length of the air flow directing element. Preferably, the rows of entries are about 1.0 mm apart. As will be appreciated from the above, in this modality, the low drag resistance portion extends from the row of air inlets closest to the upstream end of the air permeable segment, and the high drag resistance portion extends from the row of air inlets closest to the downstream end of the air permeable segment to the downstream end of the air permeable segment. Thus, the portion of the air-permeable segment between the rows of air inlets is not incorporated into the drag resistance measurements of either portion.
[00016] Providing a smoking article with such an air flow directing element results in fresh air being drawn in through at least one air inlet and passing predominantly upstream through the low drag-resistance portion of the element. directing airflow towards the aerosol forming substrate. Advantageously, fresh air drawn through the aerosol forming substrate reduces the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate of the smoking article. This can substantially prevent or inhibit spikes in the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate as the user inhales, advantageously thereby preventing or reducing combustion or pyrolysis of the aerosol forming substrate. Also, advantageously fresh air drawn through the aerosol forming substrate can reduce the effect of the user's blow regime on the main aerosol composition.
[00017] As used in this document, the term "fresh air" is used to describe ambient air that is not significantly heated by the heat source while the user is bringing it.
[00018] In certain particularly preferred embodiments, the heat source can be isolated from the airflow path. Advantageously, this substantially prevents or inhibits migration of the aerosol former from the aerosol forming substrate to the heat source during storage of the smoking articles. Where the heat source is a combustible heat source, this advantageously also inhibits or substantially prevents combustion and decomposition products formed during ignition and combustion of the combustible heat source from entering the air drawn through the smoking article. Furthermore, this prevents or substantially inhibits the intensification of combustion of the combustible heat source during puffing and, therefore, advantageously prevents or substantially inhibits spikes in the temperature of the aerosol forming substrate during puffing. This reduces the effect of a user's breath regimen on the aerosol composition. Also substantially avoided, and advantageously, is the decomposition of at least one aerosol former during use of the smoking article.
[00019] In preferred embodiments, the combustible heat source is 'blind' (i.e. it does not comprise any air flow channels) and heating of the aerosol forming substrate is primarily by conduction and heating of the forming substrate of aerosol by convection formed (i.e., puffing) is minimized. This further reduces the effect of a user's puffing regimen on the aerosol composition.
[00020] As used in this document, the term "aerosol forming substrate" is used to describe a substrate capable of releasing, upon heating, volatile compounds that can form an aerosol. Aerosols generated from the aerosol forming substrates of smoking articles according to the invention may be visible or invisible and may include vapors (eg fine particles of substances, which are in a gaseous state, which are ordinarily liquid or solid when at room temperature) as well as gases and liquid droplets of condensed vapors.
[00021] As used herein, the terms "upstream" and "frontier", "downstream" and "rear/rear" are used to describe the relative positions of the components, or parts of the components, of the smoking article in relation to the direction in which the user inhales the smoking article while using it. Smoking articles according to the invention comprise a mouth end and an opposite distal end. During use, the user aspirates through the mouth end of the smoking article. The end of the mouth is downstream from the distal end. The heat source is located at or near the distal end. In the preferred embodiment, the aerosol forming substrate is downstream of the heat source.
[00022] As used in this document, the term "length" is used to describe the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the smoking article.
[00023] As used in this document, the term "transverse" is used to describe the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the smoking article.
[00024] As used herein, the term "insulated heat source" is used to describe a heat source that is not in direct contact with the air drawn through the smoking article along the airflow path.
[00025] As used in this document, the term "direct contact" is used to describe the contact between the air drawn through the smoking article along the airflow path and a surface of the heat source.
[00026] As described below, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise blind or non-blind heat sources.
[00027] As used in this document, the term "blind" is used to describe a heat source of a smoking article according to the invention in which the air drawn through the smoking article for inhalation by a user does not pass through any airflow channel along the heat source.
[00028] As used herein, the term "unblinded" is used to describe a heat source of a smoking article, according to the invention, in which air drawn through the smoking article for inhalation by a user passes through one or more airflow channels along the heat source.
[00029] As used herein, the term "airflow channel" is used to describe a channel that extends along the length of a heat source through which air can be drawn downstream for inhalation by of a user.
[00030] The drag resistance of the high drag portion of the air-permeable segment is greater than the drag resistance of the low drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment. In other words, the drag resistance between the downstream end of the air permeable segment and the at least one air inlet is greater than the drag resistance between the upstream end of the air permeable segment and the at least one air inlet. air. As described above, the puff strength ratio of the high puff strength portion to the low puff strength portion is greater than 1:1 and less than about 50:1. More preferably, the drag resistance ratio is greater than about 2:1 and less than about 50:1; even more preferably, between about 4:1 and about 50:1. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ratio is between about 8:1 and about 12:1. A ratio of about 10:1 has been found to be particularly advantageous.
[00031] In one embodiment, at least one air inlet is between about 2 mm and about 5 mm from the upstream end of the air flow directing element, and the length of the air flow directing element it is between about 20 mm and about 50 mm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one air inlet is located about 5 mm from the upstream end of the air flow directing element, and the length of the air flow directing element is between about 26 and about 28 mm.
[00032] Surprisingly, it has been found that positioning at least one air inlet too close to the upstream end of the air flow directing element is disadvantageous. At least one air inlet assists in depressurizing the build-up of volatile compounds released from the aerosol forming substrate as a result of heat transfer from the fuel heat source. Positioning at least one air inlet too close to the upstream end of the air flow directing element may allow side smoke to escape through at least one air inlet, which may not be desirable. For this reason, in certain embodiments, it is undesirable to position at least one air inlet closer than about 2 mm to the upstream end of the air flow directing element.
[00033] In certain preferred embodiments, the air permeable segment comprises a porous material, permeable to air and substantially homogeneous, such as cellulose acetate fiber, paper, porous ceramic, tobacco, plastic porous material, plastic carbonaceous material, porous metal , etc. Additionally, or alternatively, the high drag portion of the air permeable segment has reduced air flow cross section as compared to the low drag portion of the air permeable segment. In this embodiment, the air-permeable segment preferably comprises material for reducing the cross-section of the air flow of at least part of the high drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment. Reducing the cross section of at least a portion of the high drag portion of the air permeable segment may be one way, or an additional way, to enhance the drag resistance of the high drag portion of the air permeable segment with in relation to the low drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment. Suitable materials may include, for example, hot melt glue, silicone, plastic chips or any other material that may be suitable for use in a smoking article. In one embodiment, for example, a layer of hot melt glue can be applied to a region within the boundaries of the high drag portion of the air permeable segment to narrow the air flow cross section of the high strength portion. to the drag of the air-permeable segment.
[00034] As used herein, the term "airflow cross-section" refers to the cross-sectional portion of the air-permeable segment through which air can flow.
[00035] The air permeable segment can be a diffuser or at least include a diffuser arranged to diffuse the fresh air drawn in through at least one air inlet. The diffuser is preferably arranged to diffuse air as it flows along the first portion of the air flow path. In a preferred embodiment, the air permeable segment comprises substantially uniformly distributed cellulose acetate fiber. In an alternative embodiment, the density of the cellulose acetate fiber provided in the air permeable segment can be used to control the drag resistance of portions of the air permeable segment.
[00036] In an alternative embodiment, the air permeable segment is formed from crimped paper. The crimped paper preferably has a first region extending from at least one air inlet towards the upstream end of the segment, corresponding to at least a portion of the low drag portion of the air permeable segment, and a second region extending from at least one air inlet towards the downstream end of the segment, corresponding to at least one of the high drag portion portion of the air permeable segment. More preferably, the first region extends from at least one air inlet to the upstream end of the air permeable segment and the second region extends from at least one air inlet to the downstream end of the air permeable segment. Preferably, the first region has lower drag resistance than the second region. The crimped paper may have a third region, extending from the second region to the downstream end of the air-permeable segment. In a preferred embodiment, the third region has substantially the same drag resistance as the first region. In this modality, the second and third region together have a combined drag resistance greater than the drag resistance of the first region. Preferably, the draw resistance of the low draw resistance portion is from about 6 mm H2 O to about 10 mm H2 O per length mm, and the draw resistance of the high draw resistance portion is between about 10 mm H2O to about 18 mm H2O per mm length. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the drag resistance of the portion of the air-permeable segment upstream of the at least one air inlet is about 10 mm H2O and the drag resistance of the air-permeable segment upstream of the at least one inlet of air is about 20 mm H2O.
[00037] The air directing element preferably comprises an open-ended hollow body circumferentially circumferentially circumferentially airtight casing material, wherein the second portion of the air flow path is defined by the volume held by the interior of the hollow body open end substantially impermeable to air. In a preferred embodiment, the substantially airtight, open-ended hollow body is a straight circular cylinder. The cross section of the hollow substantially airtight body can be of any shape, including but not limited to circular, oval, square, triangular and rectangular. The air-permeable segment preferably circumscribes at least a portion of the substantially air-impermeable, open-ended hollow body.
[00038] The first portion of the airflow path may extend longitudinally upstream from at least one air inlet to at least one point close to the aerosol forming substrate. Preferably, the first portion of the airflow path extends longitudinally upstream from the at least one air inlet to the aerosol forming substrate.
[00039] The second portion of the airflow path may extend longitudinally downstream from at least one point close to the aerosol forming substrate, towards the mouth end of the smoking article. Preferably, the second portion of the airflow path extends longitudinally downstream of the aerosol forming substrate towards the mouth end of the smoking article.
[00040] In certain embodiments, the second portion of the airflow path may extend longitudinally downstream from within the aerosol forming substrate towards the mouth end of the smoking article.
[00041] In a preferred embodiment, the first portion of the airflow path extends longitudinally upstream from at least one air inlet to the aerosol forming substrate and the second portion of the airflow path extends lengthwise downstream from within the aerosol forming substrate towards the mouth end of the smoking article.
[00042] When in use, the aerosol is generated by transferring heat from the heat source to the aerosol forming substrate of smoking articles according to the invention. By adjusting the position of the upstream end of the second portion of the airflow path with respect to the aerosol forming substrate, it is possible to control the location where the aerosol leaves the aerosol forming substrate. This advantageously allows the smoking articles according to the invention to be produced with the desired aerosol distributions.
[00043] In preferred embodiments, fresh air drawn into the first portion of the air flow path through at least one air inlet passes, upstream, through the first portion of the air flow path to the forming substrate of aerosol, through the aerosol forming substrate and then downstream, towards the mouth end of the smoking article through the second portion of the air flow path.
[00044] In a preferred embodiment, the first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path are concentric. However, it will be appreciated that, in other embodiments, the first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path may be non-concentric. For example, the first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path can be parallel rather than concentric.
[00045] Where the first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path are concentric, preferably the first portion of the airflow path surrounds the second portion of the airflow path. However, it will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the second portion of the airflow path may surround the first portion of the airflow path.
[00046] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path are concentric, the second portion of the airflow path is substantially centrally disposed within the smoking article and the first portion of the air flow path surrounds the second portion of the air flow path. This arrangement is particularly advantageous where smoking articles according to the invention further comprise a heat conducting element around and in direct contact with a rear portion of the heat source and an adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate.
[00047] The first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path may be substantially constant cross sections. For example, where the first portion of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path are concentric, one of the first portions of the airflow path and the second portion of the airflow path may be cross sections substantially constant circular and one of the first portions of the air flow path and the second portion of the air flow path may be of substantially constant annular cross section.
[00048] The substantially air-impermeable hollow body may be made of one or more suitable air-impermeable materials that are substantially thermally stable at the temperature of the aerosol generated by heat transfer from the heat source to the aerosol forming substrate . Suitable materials are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, cardboard, plastic, ceramic and combinations thereof.
[00049] Where the substantially airtight, open-ended hollow body is a cylinder, the cylinder may have a diameter of between 2 mm and about 5 mm, for example a diameter of between about 2.5 m and about 4 .5 mm. The cylinder can have other diameters depending on the desired overall diameter of the smoking article.
[00050] Preferably, the smoking articles according to the invention contain an outer casing that circumscribes at least a rear portion of the heat source, the aerosol forming substrate and any other components of the smoking article downstream of the aerosol forming substrate. aerosol. Preferably, the outer shell is substantially impermeable to air. Smoking articles in accordance with the invention may comprise outer casings formed from any suitable material or combination of materials. Suitable materials are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to, cigarette paper. The outer casing must hold the heat source and aerosol forming substrate of the smoking article when the smoking article is assembled.
[00051] At least one air inlet downstream of the aerosol forming substrate to draw air into the first portion of the air flow path is provided in the outer casing and any other materials circumscribing components of the smoking article according to the invention through which air can be drawn into the first portion of the air flow path. As used herein, the term "air inlet" is used to describe one or more holes, slits, slots and other openings in the outer casing and in any materials circumscribing components of the smoking article according to the invention downstream of the substrate of aerosol formation through which air can be drawn into the first portion of the air flow path.
[00052] The number, shape, size and location of air inlets can be adjusted accordingly so that a good smoking performance can be achieved.
[00053] In use, when the user draws on the mouth end of the most preferred smoking article according to the invention, fresh air is drawn into the smoking article through at least one air inlet downstream of the smoke-forming substrate. aerosol. The aspirated air passes predominantly upstream to the aerosol forming substrate along the air permeable segment between the exterior of the hollow tube and the outer casing of the smoking article or inner casing of the air flow directing member. The aspirated air passes through the aerosol forming substrate and then passes downstream through the interior of the hollow tube towards the mouth end of the smoking article for inhalation by the user.
[00054] The heat source can be a combustible heat source, a chemical heat source, an electrical heat source, a heat sink or any combination of these.
[00055] Preferably, the heat source is a combustible heat source. Most preferably, the combustible heat source is a carbonaceous heat source. As used herein, the term "carbonaceous" is used to describe a heat source that comprises carbon.
[00056] Preferably, carbonaceous combustible heat sources for use in smoking articles according to the invention have a carbon content of at least about 35 percent, more preferably at least about 40 percent, most preferably still at least 45 percent by dry weight of the combustible heat source.
[00057] In some embodiments, combustible heat sources according to the invention are carbon-based combustible heat sources. As used herein, the term "carbon-based heat source" is used to describe a heat source composed primarily of carbon.
[00058] Carbon-based combustible heat sources for use in smoking articles, according to the invention, may have a carbon content of at least about 50 percent, more preferably at least about 60 percent, more preferably at least 70, more preferably at least 80 percent by dry weight of the carbon based fuel heat source.
[00059] Smoking articles according to the invention may comprise carbonaceous combustible heat sources formed from one or more carbon-containing materials.
[00060] If desired, one or more binders can be combined with one or more carbon-containing materials. Preferably, one or more binders are organic binders. Known suitable organic binders include, but are not limited to, gums (eg, guar gum), modified celluloses and cellulose derivatives (eg, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), wheat flour, starches, sugars, oils vegetables and combinations of these.
[00061] Instead of or in addition to one or more binders, combustible heat sources for use in smoking articles according to the invention may comprise one or more additives in order to improve the properties of the combustible heat source. Suitable additives include, but are not limited to, additives to promote consolidation of the combustible heat source (e.g., sintering aids), additives to promote ignition of the combustible heat source (e.g., oxidizers such as perchlorates, chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, zirconium and combinations thereof), additives to promote combustion of the combustible heat source (eg potassium and potassium salts such as potassium citrate) and additives to promote the decomposition of one or more produced gases by combustion of the combustible heat source (eg catalysts such as CuO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3).
[00062] In a preferred embodiment, the fuel heat source is a cylindrical fuel heat source comprising carbon and at least one ignition aid, the cylindrical fuel heat source having a front end face (i.e., upstream end face ) and an opposite rear face (i.e., downstream end face), in which at least part of the cylindrical fuel heat source between the front face and the rear face is packaged in a combustion resistant casing and where, upon ignition of the front face of the cylindrical fuel heat source, the rear face of the cylindrical fuel heat source increases in temperature at a first temperature and whereby, during subsequent combustion of the cylindrical fuel heat source, the rear face of the cylindrical fuel heat source maintains a second temperature lower than the first temperature. As used herein, the term "ignition aid" is used to describe a material that releases oxygen and/or energy during ignition of the combustible heat source, where the rate of release of oxygen and/or energy by the material does not it is limited by the diffusion of ambient oxygen. In other words, the rate of release of oxygen and/or energy by the material during ignition of the combustible heat source is largely independent of the rate at which ambient oxygen can reach the material. As used herein, the term "ignition aid" is also used to describe an elemental metal that releases energy during ignition of the combustible heat source, where the ignition temperature of the elemental metal is less than about 500°C , and the heat of combustion of the elemental metal is at least about 5 kJ/g.
[00063] As used herein, the term "ignition aid" does not include alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids (such as alkali metal citrate salts, alkali metal acetate salts and alkali metal succinate salts), alkali metal halide salts (such as alkali metal chloride salts), alkali metal carbonate salts, or alkali metal phosphate salts, which are believed to modify carbon combustion.
[00064] Examples of suitable oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to: nitrates such as potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium nitrate, barium nitrate, lithium nitrate, aluminum nitrate and iron nitrate; nitrites; other organic and inorganic nitro compounds; chlorates such as, for example, sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate; perchlorates such as, for example, sodium perchlorate; chlorides; bromates, such as, for example, sodium bromate and potassium bromate; perbromates; bromides; borates, such as, for example, sodium borate and potassium borate; ferrates, such as, for example, barium ferrate; ferrite; manganates, such as, for example, potassium manganate; permanganates, such as, for example, potassium permanganate; organic peroxides such as, for example, benzoyl peroxide and acetone peroxide; inorganic peroxides, such as, for example, hydrogen peroxide, strontium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, barium peroxide, zinc peroxide and lithium peroxide; superoxides, such as, for example, potassium superoxide and sodium superoxide; iodates; periodates; iodides; sulfates; sulfites; other sulfoxides; phosphates; phosphinates; phosphites; and phosphanates.
[00065] In smoking articles, according to the invention, the heat source is preferably isolated from all air flow paths along which air can be drawn through the smoking article for inhalation by a user so that, during use, the air drawn through the smoking article does not come into direct contact with the heat source.
[00066] In embodiments where the heat source is a combustible heat source, the insulation of the combustible heat source from the air drawn through the smoking article advantageously substantially prevents or inhibits combustion and decomposition products and other materials formed during ignition and combustion of the combustible heat source of smoking articles in accordance with the invention enter the air drawn through the smoking articles.
[00067] Isolation of the combustible heat source from the air drawn through the smoking article also advantageously prevents or substantially inhibits the activation of combustion of the combustible heat source of the smoking articles, according to the invention, during blowing by of a user. This substantially prevents or inhibits spikes in substrate temperature from aerosol formation during blowing by a user.
[00068] By preventing or inhibiting the combustion activation of the fuel heat source, and therefore preventing or inhibiting excessive temperature increases in the substrate from aerosol formation, combustion or pyrolysis of the substrate. aerosol formation of smoking articles according to the invention under intense blowing regimes can advantageously be avoided. Furthermore, the impact of a user's puffing regime on the main aerosol composition of smoking articles according to the invention can advantageously be minimized or reduced.
[00069] Isolating the heat source from the air drawn through the smoking article isolates the heat source from the aerosol forming substrate. Isolation of the heat source from the aerosol-forming substrate can advantageously prevent or substantially inhibit the migration of components from the aerosol-forming substrate of smoking articles according to the invention to the heat source during storage of the articles. smokers.
[00070] Alternatively, or in addition thereto, isolation of the heat source from the air drawn through the smoking article may advantageously prevent or substantially inhibit the migration of aerosol forming substrate components from smoking articles, according to with the invention, to the heat source during the use of the smoking articles.
[00071] As described below, isolation of the heat source from the air drawn through the smoking article and the aerosol forming substrate is particularly advantageous where the aerosol forming substrate comprises at least one aerosol former.
[00072] In embodiments where the heat source is a combustible heat source and the aerosol forming substrate is located downstream of the combustible heat source, to isolate the combustible heat source from the air drawn through the smoking article, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise a non-combustible, substantially air-impermeable barrier between a downstream end of the combustible heat source and an upstream end of the aerosol forming substrate.
[00073] As used herein, the term "non-combustible" is used to describe a substantially non-combustible barrier at temperatures reached by the combustible heat source during combustion or ignition thereof.
[00074] The barrier can be adjacent to the downstream end of the heat source and/or to the upstream end of the aerosol forming substrate.
[00075] The barrier may be adhered, or otherwise affixed, to the downstream end of the heat source and/or the upstream end of the aerosol forming substrate.
[00076] In some embodiments, the barrier comprises a barrier coating provided on the rear face of the combustible heat source. In such embodiments, preferably the first barrier comprises a barrier coating over at least substantially the entire rear face of the combustible heat source. More preferably, the barrier comprises a barrier coating provided over the entire rear face of the combustible heat source.
[00077] As used herein, the term "coating" is used to describe a layer of material that covers and is adherent to the heat source.
[00078] The barrier can advantageously limit the temperature to which the aerosol-forming substrate is exposed during ignition or combustion of the heat source, thus helping to prevent or reduce thermal degradation or combustion of the substrate aerosol formation during use of the smoking article. This is particularly advantageous where the combustible heat source comprises one or more additives to assist in igniting the combustible heat source.
[00079] Depending on the characteristics and performance desired for the smoking article, the barrier may have a low thermal conductivity or a high thermal conductivity. In certain embodiments, the material comprising the barrier may have a bulk thermal conductivity of between about 0.1 W/mK and about 200 W/mK at 23°C and 50% relative humidity, as measured using the Modified Shifting Plan Source Method (MTPS).
[00080] The thickness of the barrier can be adjusted appropriately so that a good smoking performance can be achieved. In certain embodiments, the barrier can be between about 10 microns and about 500 microns thick.
[00081] The barrier can be made from one or more suitable materials that are substantially thermally stable and non-combustible at temperatures reached by the combustible heat source during ignition and combustion. Suitable materials are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, clays (such as, for example, bentonite and kaolinite), glasses, minerals, ceramic materials, metals, resins and combinations thereof.
[00082] Preferred materials with which the barrier can be made include clays and glasses. More preferred materials from which the barrier can be made include copper, aluminum, stainless steel, alloys, alumina (Al2O3), resins and mineral glues.
[00083] In one embodiment, the barrier comprises a clay coating comprising a 50/50 mixture of bentonite and kaolinite provided on the rear face of the combustible heat source. In one or more preferred embodiments, the barrier comprises an aluminum coating provided on a rear face of the combustible heat source. In another preferred embodiment, the barrier comprises a glass coating, more preferably a sintered glass coating, provided at the rear of the combustible heat source.
[00084] Preferably, the barrier has a thickness of at least about 10 microns. Due to the slight permeability of clays to air, in embodiments where the barrier comprises a clay coating provided on the rear face of the fuel heat source the clay coating is more preferably at least about 50 microns thick, and more preferably from about 50 microns to about 350 microns. To reduce air permeability, the barrier can be sintered in accordance with methods known to those skilled in the art, including, for example, laser flash. In embodiments where the barrier is formed from one or more air-impermeable materials, such as aluminum, the barrier may be thinner and will generally preferably have a thickness of less than about 100 microns and more, and more preferably of about 20 microns. In embodiments where the barrier comprises a coating of glass provided at the rear stage of the fuel heat source, the coating of glass is preferably less than about 200 microns thick. Barrier thickness can be measured using a microscope, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or any other suitable measurement methods known in the art.
[00085] Where the barrier comprises a barrier coating provided on a rear face of the combustible heat source, the barrier coating can be applied so as to cover and adhere to the rear face of the combustible heat source by any methods known in the art. of the art, including, but not limited to, spray coating, vapor deposition, immersion, metal transfer (eg brushing or gluing), electrostatic deposition, or any combination thereof.
[00086] For example, barrier coating can be made by preforming a barrier in the approximate size and shape of the rear face of the fuel heat source, and applying it to the rear face of the fuel heat source to cover and adhere at least substantially the entire rear face of the combustible heat source. Alternatively, the first barrier coating can be cut or otherwise tampered with after its application to the rear face of the combustible heat source. In a preferred embodiment, aluminum foil is applied to the rear face of the fuel heat source by gluing or pressing it to the fuel heat source, and it is cut or otherwise tampered with so that the aluminum foil covers and adheres to the skin. less substantially the entire rear face of the combustible heat source, rather than the rear face of the combustible heat source in its entirety.
[00087] In another preferred embodiment, the barrier coating is formed by applying a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the external face of the combustible heat source. For example, the barrier coating can be applied to the rear face of the combustible heat source by immersing the rear face of the combustible heat source in a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials or by brushing or coating. by spraying a solution or suspension or electrostatically depositing a powder or powder mixture of one or more suitable coating materials on the external face of the combustible heat source. Where a barrier coating is applied to the rear face of the fuel heat source by electrostatically depositing a powder or powder mixture of one or more suitable coating materials on the rear face of the fuel heat source, the rear face of the fuel heat source it is preferably pretreated with water glass prior to electrostatic deposition. Preferably, the barrier coating is applied by spray coating.
[00088] The barrier coating can be formed by a single application of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the combustible heat source. Alternatively, the barrier coating can be formed through multiple applications of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the combustible heat source. For example, the barrier coating can be formed by one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or eight successive applications of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the combustible heat source.
[00089] Preferably, the barrier coating is formed by between one and ten applications of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the combustible heat source.
[00090] After applying the solution or suspension of one or more coating materials to the rear face thereof, the combustible heat source can be dried to form the barrier coating.
[00091] Where the barrier coating is formed through multiple applications of a solution or suspension of one or more suitable coating materials to the rear face of the same, the combustible heat source may need to be dried between successive applications of the solution or suspension.
[00092] Alternatively to, or in addition to drying, after applying a solution or suspension of one or more coating materials to the rear face of the fuel heat source, the coating material in the fuel heat source may be sintered so to form the barrier coating. Sintering the barrier coating is particularly preferred where the barrier coating is a glass or ceramic coating. Preferably, the barrier coating is sintered at a temperature between about 500°C and about 900°C, and more preferably at about 700°C.
[00093] In some embodiments, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise heat sources that do not comprise air flow channels. Heat sources of smoking articles in accordance with such modalities will hereinafter be referred to in this document as blind heat sources.
[00094] In smoking articles according to the invention comprising blind heat sources, heat transfer from the heat source to the aerosol forming substrate occurs primarily by conduction and heating of the aerosol forming substrate by forced convention is minimized or reduced. This advantageously helps to minimize or reduce the impact of the user's blow regime on the main aerosol composition of smoking articles according to the invention which contain blind heat sources.
[00095] It should be noted that smoking articles according to the invention may comprise blind heat sources that contain one or more closed or blocked passages through which air cannot be drawn in for inhalation by the user. For example, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise blind heat sources comprising one or more closed passages extending from an upstream end face of the combustible heat source to only half the length of the heat source. fuel.
[00096] In such embodiments, the inclusion of one or more closed air passages increases the surface area of the fuel heat source that is exposed to oxygen in the air and can advantageously facilitate the ignition of continued combustion of the fuel heat source.
[00097] In other embodiments, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise heat sources that comprise one or more air flow channels. Heat sources of smoking articles in accordance with such modalities will hereinafter be referred to in this document as non-blind heat sources.
[00098] In smoking articles according to the invention comprising non-blinding heat sources, heating of the aerosol forming substrate takes place by conduction and forced convection. During use, when the user puffs on a smoking article according to the invention which comprises an unblinded heat source, air is drawn downstream through one or more air flow channels along the heat source . The aspirated air passes through the aerosol forming substrate and then downstream towards the mouth end of the smoking article through the second portion of the air flow path.
[00099] Smoking articles according to the invention may comprise non-blind heat sources comprising one or more air flow channels delimited along the heat source.
[000100] As used in this document, the term "delimited" is used to describe the airflow channels that are surrounded by the heat source along its length.
[000101] For example, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise non-blind heat sources comprising one or more delimited air flow channels extending through the interior of the combustible heat source along the entire length of the combustible heat source.
[000102] Alternatively, or in addition to, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise non-blind heat sources comprising one or more non-delimited air flow channels along the combustible heat source.
[000103] For example, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise non-blind combustible heat sources comprising one or more undelimited air flow channels extending along the outside of the fuel heat source along a at least a portion downstream of the length of the fuel heat source.
[000104] In some embodiments, smoking articles according to the invention may comprise non-blind heat sources comprising one, two or three air flow channels. In certain preferred embodiments, smoking articles in accordance with the invention comprise non-blind combustible heat sources comprising only an air flow channel extending through the interior of the combustible heat source. In certain especially preferred embodiments, smoking articles in accordance with the invention comprise non-blind heat sources that substantially comprise a single axial or central air flow channel extending through the interior of the combustible heat source. In such embodiments, the diameter of the single airflow channel is preferably between about 1.5 mm and about 3 mm.
[000105] Where smoking articles according to the invention comprise a barrier comprising a barrier coating provided on a rear face of an unblinded combustible heat source comprising one or more air flow channels along the combustible heat source , the barrier coating must allow air to be drawn downstream through this one or more air flow channels.
[000106] When the smoking articles according to the invention comprise non-blinding heat sources, the smoking articles may further comprise a non-combustible substantially air-impermeable barrier between the combustible heat source and one or more air flow channels, to isolate the non-blind heat source from the air drawn in through the smoking article.
[000107] In some embodiments, the barrier can be adhered or otherwise affixed to the combustible heat source.
[000108] Preferably, the barrier comprises a barrier coating provided on an interior surface of one or more airflow channels. More preferably, the barrier comprises a barrier coating provided on at least and substantially the entire interior surface of the one or more airflow channels. More preferably, the barrier comprises a barrier coating provided on the entire interior surface of the one or more airflow channels.
[000109] Alternatively, barrier coating can be provided by inserting a liner within one or more airflow channels. For example, where smoking articles in accordance with the invention comprise non-blind combustible heat sources comprising one or more air flow channels extending through the interior of the combustible heat source, a hollow tube substantially impermeable to air and non-combustible can be inserted into each one or more airflow channels.
[000110] The barrier can advantageously and substantially prevent or inhibit combustion and decomposition products, formed during ignition and combustion of the combustible heat source, from entering the aspirated air downstream along the one or more air flow channels.
[000111] The barrier can also advantageously and substantially prevent or inhibit activation of combustion of the combustible heat source of smoking articles according to the invention during blowing by the user.
[000112] Depending on the characteristics and performance desired for the smoking article, the barrier may have a low thermal conductivity or a high thermal conductivity. Preferably, the barrier has a low thermal conductivity.
[000113] The thickness of the barrier can be adjusted appropriately in order to achieve a good smoking performance. In certain embodiments, the barrier can be between about 30 microns and about 200 microns thick. In a preferred embodiment, the barrier is between about 30 microns and about 100 microns thick.
[000114] The barrier can be formed from one or more suitable materials that are substantially thermally stable and non-combustible at the temperatures reached by the combustible heat source during ignition and combustion. Suitable materials are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, for example: clays; metal oxides such as iron oxide, alumina, titania, silica, silica-alumina, zirconia and ceria; zeolites; zirconium phosphate; and other ceramic materials or combinations thereof.
[000115] Preferred materials from which the barrier can be formed include clays, glasses, aluminum, iron oxide and combinations thereof. If desired, catalytic ingredients, such as ingredients that promote the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, can be incorporated into the barrier. Suitable catalytic ingredients include, but are not limited to, for example, platinum, palladium, transition metals and their oxides.
[000116] When smoking articles according to the invention comprise a barrier between a downstream end of the fuel heat source and an upstream end of the aerosol forming substrate and a barrier between the fuel heat source and one or more channels of air flow along the combustible heat source, the two barriers can be formed from the same material or from different materials.
[000117] Where the barrier between the fuel heat source and one or more air flow channels comprises a barrier coating provided on an inner surface of one or more air flow channels, the barrier coating may be applied to the surface internal airflow channels of one or more airflow channels by any suitable method, such as the methods described in US-A-5,040,551. For example, the inner surface of one or more airflow channels can be sprayed, moistened or painted with a solution or suspension of the barrier coating. In a preferred embodiment, the barrier coating is applied to the inner surface of the air flow channels of one or more air flow channels by the process described in WO-A2-2009/074870 while the combustible heat source is extruded.
[000118] Carbonaceous combustible heat sources for use in smoking articles according to the invention are preferably formed by mixing one or more carbon-containing materials with one or more binders and other additives, where included, and pre - forming the mixture into a desired shape. The mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, one or more binders and other additional additives can be preformed into a desired shape using any known ceramic forming method, such as, for example, slip, extrusion, molding by injection and mold compression. In certain preferred embodiments, the blend is preformed into a desired shape by extrusion.
[000119] Preferably, the mixture of one or more materials containing carbon, one or more binders and other additives is preformed in an elongated cylinder. However, it will be appreciated that the mixture of one or more carbon-containing materials, or one or more binders and other additives can be preformed into other desired shapes.
[000120] After forming, particularly after extrusion, the elongated cylinder or any other desired shape is preferably dried to reduce its moisture content and then pyrolyzed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature sufficient to carbonize one or more binders, where present , and substantially eliminate any volatile compounds in the elongated cylinder or other shape. The elongated cylinder or other desired shape is preferably pyrolyzed in an atmosphere of nitrogen at a temperature of between about 700°C and about 900°C.
[000121] In one embodiment, at least one metal nitrate salt is incorporated into the fuel heat source by including at least one metal nitrate precursor in the mixture of one or more materials containing carbons, one or more binders and other additives. At least one metal nitrate precursor is then converted in-situ to at least one metal nitrate salt by treating the preformed pyrolyzed barrel (or any other form) with an aqueous solution of nitric acid. In one embodiment, the combustible heat source comprises at least one metal nitrate salt having a thermal decomposition temperature of less than about 600°C, more preferably less than about 400°C. Preferably, at least one metal nitrate salt has a decomposition temperature between about 150°C and about 600°C, more preferably between about 200°C and about 400°C.
[000122] In use, exposure of the combustible heat source to a conventional lighter flame or any other means of ignition must cause at least one metal nitrate salt to decompose and release oxygen and energy. Such decomposition causes an initial rise in the temperature of the combustible heat source and also assists in igniting the combustible heat source. After the decomposition of at least one metal nitrate salt, the combustible heat source preferably continues combustion at a lower temperature.
[000123] The inclusion of at least one metal nitrate salt advantageously results in the ignition of the combustible heat source being initiated internally, and not just at a point on the surface thereof. Preferably, at least one metal nitrate salt is present in the fuel heat source in an amount of between about 20 percent dry weight and about 50 percent dry weight of the fuel heat source.
[000124] In another embodiment, the combustible heat source comprises at least one peroxide or superoxide that actively evolves at a temperature of less than about 600 °C, more preferably at a temperature of less than about 400 °C.
[000125] Preferably, at least one peroxide or superoxide actively evolves at a temperature of between about 150°C and about 600°C, more preferably at a temperature of between about 200°C and about 400°C, more preferably at a temperature of about 350°C.
[000126] In use, exposure of the combustible heat source to a yellow flame of a conventional lighter or any other means of ignition must cause at least one peroxide or superoxide to decompose and release oxygen. This causes an initial rise in the temperature of the combustible heat source and also assists in igniting a combustible heat source. After the decomposition of at least one peroxide or superoxide, the combustible heat source preferably continues its combustion at a lower temperature.
[000127] The inclusion of at least one peroxide or superoxide advantageously results in the ignition of the combustible heat source being initiated internally, and not just at a point on its surface.
[000128] The combustible heat source preferably has porosity of between about 20 percent and about 80 percent, more preferably between about 20 percent and 60 percent. Where the combustible heat source comprises at least one metal nitrate salt, this advantageously allows oxygen to diffuse into the mass of the combustible heat source at a rate sufficient to maintain combustion while at least one metal nitrate salt decomposes the combustion continues. Even more preferably, the combustible heat source has a porosity of between about 50 percent and about 70 percent, more preferably between about 50 percent and about 60 percent as measured by, for example, porosimetry. of mercury or helium pycnometry. The required porosity can be easily achieved during the production of the combustible heat source using conventional technology and methods.
[000129] Advantageously, carbonaceous combustible heat sources for use in smoking articles according to the invention have a bulk density of between about 0.6 g/cm3 and about 1 g/cm3.
[000130] Preferably, the combustible heat source has a mass between about 300 mg and about 500 mg, more preferably between about 400 mg and about 450 mg.
[000131] Preferably, the combustible heat sources according to the invention have a length of about 7 mm and about 17 mm, more preferably between about 7 mm and about 15 mm, more preferably between about 7 mm and about 13 mm.
[000132] Preferably, the combustible heat source has a diameter of between about 5 mm and about 9 mm, more preferably between about 7 mm and about 8 mm.
[000133] Preferably, the heat source is of substantially uniform diameter. However, the heat source may alternatively be tapered so that the diameter of the rear portion of the heat source is greater than the diameter of the front portion thereof. Particularly preferred are substantially cylindrical heat sources. The heat source may, for example, be a tapered cylinder or cylinder of substantially circular cross section or a tapered cylinder or cylinder of substantially elliptical cross section.
[000134] Preferably, smoking articles according to the invention comprise aerosol forming substrates comprising a material capable of emitting volatile compounds in response to heating. Preferably, the material capable of emitting volatile compounds in response to heating is a load of herbal material, more preferably a load of homogenized herbal material. For example, the aerosol forming substrate can comprise one or more plant-derived materials, including, but not limited to: tobacco; tea, for example green tea; mint; blond; eucalyptus; basil; saves; verbena; and tarragon. Herbal material may contain additives, including but not limited to humectants, flavors, binders and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the herb material consists essentially of tobacco material, more preferably of homogenized tobacco material.
[000135] More preferably, smoking articles according to the invention comprise an aerosol-forming substrate comprising at least one aerosol former. At least one aerosol former can be any known compound or mixture of compounds which, when in use, facilitates the formation of a dense and stable aerosol and which is substantially resistant to thermal degradation at the temperature reached by the aerosol forming substrate of the smoking article according to the invention. Suitable aerosol formers are well known in the art and include, for example, polyhydric alcohols, esters of polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol mono-, di- or triacetate and aliphatic esters of mono-, di- or polycarboxylic acids, such as dimethyl dodecanedioate and dimethyl tetradecanedioate. Preferred aerosol formers for use in the smoking articles in accordance with the invention are polyhydric alcohols or mixtures thereof, such as triethylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol and, more preferably, glycerin.
[000136] The heat source and aerosol forming substrate of smoking articles according to the invention may be substantially contiguous to each other. Alternatively, the heat source and the aerosol forming substrate of smoking articles according to the invention may be spaced from one another longitudinally.
[000137] Preferably, smoking articles according to the invention further comprise a heat conducting element around, and in direct contact with, a rear portion of the heat source and an adjacent front portion of the aerosol forming substrate. Preferably, the heat conducting element is combustion resistant and oxygen restricted.
[000138] The heat conducting element is found around and in direct contact with the peripheries of both the rear portion of the fuel heat source and the front portion of the aerosol generating substrate. The heat-conducting element provides a thermal link between these two components of smoking articles according to the invention.
[000139] Suitable heat conducting elements for use in smoking articles in accordance with the invention, include, but are not limited to: foil wrappers such as, for example, aluminum foil wrappers, steel wrappers, foil wrappers iron and copper foil casings; and metal alloy sheet casings.
[000140] In embodiments where the heat source is a combustible heat source, the rear portion of the combustible heat source surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 2 mm and about 8 mm in length, more preferably between about 3 mm and about 5 mm long.
[000141] Preferably, the front portion of the heat source not surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 4 mm and about 15 mm in length, more preferably between about 4 mm and about 8 mm in length.
Preferably, the aerosol forming substrate has a length between about 5 mm and about 20 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm and about 12 mm.
[000143] In certain preferred embodiments, the aerosol forming substrate extends at least about 3 mm beyond the heat-conducting element, downstream.
[000144] Preferably, the front portion of the aerosol forming substrate surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 2 mm and about 10 mm in length, more preferably between about 3 mm and about 8 mm, most preferably still between about 4 mm and about 6 mm in length. Preferably, the rear portion of the aerosol forming substrate not surrounded by the heat conducting element is between about 3 mm and about 10 mm in length. In other words, the aerosol forming substrate preferably extends between about 3 mm and about 10 mm beyond the heat conducting element, downstream. More preferably, the aerosol forming substrate extends at least about 4 mm beyond the downstream heat-conducting element.
[000145] In other preferred embodiments, the aerosol forming substrate may extend less than 3 mm beyond the heat-conducting element, downstream.
[000146] In still further embodiments, the entire length of the aerosol forming substrate may be surrounded by a heat conducting element.
[000147] The smoking articles according to the invention may preferably additionally comprise an expansion chamber downstream of the aerosol forming substrate and downstream of the airflow directing element. The inclusion of an expansion chamber advantageously allows for further cooling of the aerosol generated by transferring heat from the fuel heat source to the aerosol forming substrate. The expansion chamber also advantageously allows the overall length of the smoking articles according to the invention to be adjusted to a desired value, for example to a length similar to that of conventional cigarettes, by means of the appropriate choice of the length of the expansion chamber. Preferably, the expansion chamber is an elongated hollow tube.
[000148] Alternatively, or in addition to, the smoking article may further comprise a filter segment configured to further cool the aerosol. The filter segment can be manufactured from PLA, and preferably has a drag resistance of about 10 mm H2O.
[000149] The smoking articles according to the invention may further comprise a nozzle downstream of the aerosol forming substrate and downstream of the airflow directing element and, when present, downstream of the expansion chamber. Preferably, the nozzle is of low filtration efficiency, more preferably of very low filtration efficiency. The nozzle can be a single segment nozzle or a single component nozzle. Alternatively, the nozzle can be a multi-threaded or multi-component nozzle.
[000150] The nozzle may comprise, for example, a filter made of cellulose acetate, paper or other known and suitable filtration materials. Alternatively, or in addition, the mouthpiece may comprise one or more segments comprising absorbents, adsorbents, flavorings and other aerosol modifying additives or combinations thereof.
[000151] Features described in relation to one aspect of the invention may also be applicable to other aspects of the invention. In particular, the characteristics described in relation to smoking articles and combustible heat sources according to the invention may also be applicable to methods according to the invention.
[000152] An embodiment of a smoking article according to the present invention will now be described in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figure in which:
[000153] Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a smoking article according to the present invention; and
[000154] Figure 2 shows a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an alternative airflow directing element with portions with different drag resistance.
[000155] The smoking article 100, according to the first embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1, comprises a carbonaceous fuel heat source 102, an aerosol forming element 104, an air flow directing element 106, a chamber expansion nozzle 108 and a nozzle 110 in coaxial adjoining alignment. Carbonaceous combustible heat source 102, aerosol forming substrate 104, air flow directing element 106, elongated expansion chamber 108, and nozzle 110 are enclosed in an outer wrapping 112 of low permeability cigarette paper. on the air.
[000156] The aerosol forming substrate 104 is located immediately downstream of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 102 and comprises a cylindrical plug 114 of tobacco material containing glycerin as an aerosol former and circumscribed by the plug casing 116.
[000157] A non-combustible, substantially airtight barrier is provided between the downstream end of the combustible heat source 102 and the upstream end of the aerosol forming substrate 104. As shown in Figure 1, the non-combustible barrier substantially Air-impermeable consists of a non-combustible, substantially air-impermeable barrier coating 118 provided across the rear face of the carbonaceous combustible heat source 102.
[000158] A heat-conducting element 120 consisting of a tubular layer of aluminum foil surrounds and is in direct contact with a rear portion 122 of a carbonaceous combustible heat source 102 and an adjoining front portion 124 of the metal-forming substrate. aerosol 104. As shown in Figure 1, a rear portion of the aerosol forming substrate 104 is not surrounded by the heat conducting element 120.
[000159] The air flow directing element 106 is located downstream of the aerosol forming substrate 104 and comprises a substantially airtight, open-ended hollow tube 126 made from, for example, paperboard, which is in diameter reduced as compared to the aerosol forming substrate 104. The upstream end of the hollow open-ended tube 126 is contiguous with the aerosol-forming substrate 104. The hollow open-ended tube 126 is circumscribed by an annular, air-impermeable diffuser 128 made of, for example, cellulose acetate fiber, which is of substantially identical diameter as the aerosol-forming substrate 104.
[000160] The open-ended hollow tube 126, and the air-permeable annular diffuser 128 may be separate components that are adhered or otherwise connected to each other so as to form the air flow directing element 106 before the assembling the smoking article 100. In other embodiments, the hollow open-bottom tube 126 and annular air permeable diffuser 128 may be parts of an individual component. For example, the open-ended hollow tube 126 and the annular air permeable diffuser 128 may be parts of a single hollow tube of air permeable material having a substantially air-impermeable coating applied to the inner surface.
[000161] As shown in Figure 1, the open-ended hollow tube 126 and the air-permeable annular diffuser 128 are circumscribed by an air-permeable inner casing 130.
[000162] As also shown in Figure 1, a circumferential arrangement of air inlets 132 is provided in the outer shell 112 which circumscribes the inner shell 130. In the embodiment exemplified in Figure 1, the air inlets are located about 3 mm from the upstream end of the air permeable diffuser, and the total length of the air permeable diffuser is about 28 mm. As a result, the drag resistance ratio between the air inlets and the downstream end of the air permeable diffuser and the air inlets and the upstream end of the air permeable diffuser is about 10:1.
[000163] The expansion chamber 108 is located downstream of the air flow directing element 106 and comprises an open-ended hollow tube 134 made of, for example, paperboard, which has substantially the same diameter as the substrate. aerosol formation 104.
[000164] The nozzle 110 of the smoking article 100 is located downstream of the expansion chamber 108 and comprises a cylindrical plug 136 of cellulose acetate fiber of low filtration efficiency circumscribed by the filter plug housing 138. The nozzle 110 may be circumscribed by tip paper (not shown).
[000165] An air flow path extends between the air inlets 132 and the nozzle 110 of the smoking article 100. The volume delimited by the outside of the hollow open-end tube 126 of the air flow directing element 106 is the Inner housing 130 forms a first portion of the air flow path extending longitudinally upstream of the air inlets 132 to the aerosol forming substrate 104. The volume delimited by the interior of the hollow tube 126 of the air flow directing element 106 forms a second portion of the air flow path extending longitudinally downstream towards the mouthpiece 110 of the smoking article 100 between the aerosol forming substrate 104 and the expansion chamber 108.
[000166] During use, when the user draws into the mouthpiece 110 of the smoking article 100, fresh air (represented by the dotted arrows in Figure 1) is drawn into the smoking article 100 through the air inlets 132 and the inner casing 130. Due to the low drag resistance of the air-permeable portion of the diffuser between the air inlets and the upstream end of the air-permeable diffuser, the aspirated air passes upstream to the aerosol forming substrate 104 along the first portion of the pathway of air flow between the exterior of the hollow open-ended tube 126 of the air flow directing member 106 and the inner housing 130 and through the annular air permeable diffuser 128.
[000167] The front portion 124 of the aerosol forming substrate 104 is heated by conduction through the adjoining rear portion 122 of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 102 and the heat conducting element 120. Heating the aerosol forming substrate 104 releases volatile compounds , semi-volatiles, and glycerin from the plug 114 of the tobacco material, which forms an aerosol that is entrained in the aspirated air as it flows through the aerosol-forming substrate 104. The aspirated air and the drawn aerosol (indicated by the dotted and dashed arrows in the Figure 1) pass downstream along the second portion of the air flow path, through the interior of the hollow open-end tube 126 of the air flow directing element 106, to the expansion chamber 108, where they cool and condense . The cooled aerosol then passes downstream through the mouthpiece 110 of the smoking article 100 into the user's mouth.
[000168] The non-combustible and substantially airtight barrier coating 118 provided on the rear face of the carbonaceous fuel heat source 102 isolates the carbonaceous fuel heat source 102 from the air flow path through the smoking article 100 such that, when in use, air drawn through the smoking article 100 along the first portion and the second portion of the air flow path does not come into direct contact with the carbonaceous combustible heat source 102.
[000169] Figure 2 presents an alternative airflow directing element 200, with portions of different drag resistance. The air flow directing element comprises three portions. The first portion 202 and the third portion 204 have substantially the same drag resistance. The second portion 206 has higher drag strength than the first and second portions. A smoking article comprising the air flow directing element is configured such that air inlets are provided adjacent to the interface between the first and second portions. The drag resistance downstream of the air inlets is configured to be about 10 times greater than the drag resistance upstream of the air inlets. That is to say, the total drag strength of the second portion plus the drag strength of the third portion is about 10 times greater than the drag strength of the first portion. The alternate airflow steering element is symmetrical in this way to allow for easier fabrication.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[0001]
1. Smoking article (100) with mouth end and distal end, the smoking article comprising: a heat source (102); an aerosol forming substrate (104); an air flow directing element (106, 200) downstream of the aerosol forming substrate, the air flow directing element (106, 200) comprising an air permeable track (128) and the air directing element airflow defining an airflow path; and at least one air inlet (132) for air to be sucked into the air permeable segment, characterized in that the air flow path comprises a first portion (202) and a second portion (206), the first portion of the air flow path extending from the at least one air inlet towards the aerosol forming substrate, and the second portion from the aerosol forming substrate towards the mouth end of the smoking article , wherein the first portion of the airflow path is defined by a low drag-resistance portion of the air-permeable segment that extends from a point near the at least one air inlet to an upstream end of the air-permeable segment. air, and the air-permeable segment further comprises a high drag-resistance portion (204, 206) extending from a point near at least one air inlet to a downstream end of the air-permeable segment, and the ratio drag resistance d the high drag portion for the drag resistance of the low drag portion is greater than 1:1 and less than about 50:1.
[0002]
2. Smoking article according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the drag resistance of the high drag resistance portion to the drag resistance of the low drag strength portion is between about 4:1 and about 50:1.
[0003]
3. A smoking article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air flow directing element comprises an open-ended substantially air-impermeable hollow body (126), and the second portion of the flow path of air is defined by the volume delimited by the interior of the open-ended substantially air-impermeable hollow body.
[0004]
4. Smoking article according to claim 3, characterized in that the substantially airtight open-ended hollow body is a straight circular cylinder.
[0005]
5. Smoking article according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the air-permeable segment circumscribes at least a portion of the open-ended substantially air-impermeable hollow body.
[0006]
6. Smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one air inlet is between about 2 mm and about 5 mm from an upstream end of the air-directing element. air flow, and the length of the air flow directing element is between about 20 mm and about 50 mm in length.
[0007]
7. Smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the air permeable segment comprises a substantially homogeneous porous material permeable to air.
[0008]
8. Smoking article according to claim 7, characterized in that the air permeable segment comprises substantially uniformly distributed cellulose acetate fiber.
[0009]
9. Smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the air permeable segment is formed of crimped paper, the crimped paper having a first region extending from at least one air inlet to the upstream end of the air permeable segment and a second region extending from at least one air inlet towards the downstream end of the air permeable segment, wherein the first region has less drag resistance than the second region.
[0010]
10. Smoking article according to claim 9, characterized in that the crimped paper has a third region extending from the second region to the downstream end of the air permeable segment, wherein the third region has substantially the same strength to the drag that the first region.
[0011]
11. Smoking article according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the drag resistance of the first region is between about 6 mm H2O and about 10 mm H2O per length mm, and the drag resistance of the second region is between about 10 mm H2O and about 18 mm H2O per length mm.
[0012]
12. Smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the high drag resistance portion of the air permeable segment has a reduced air flow cross section, compared to the low drag resistance portion. drag of the air-permeable segment.
[0013]
13. Smoking article according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the aerosol formation substrate is located downstream of the heat source.
[0014]
14. A smoking article according to claim 13, characterized in that the heat source is a source of combustible heat and the smoking article further comprises a first non-combustible and substantially air-tight barrier (118) between the end a downstream of the combustible heat source and an upstream end of the aerosol forming substrate.
[0015]
15. Smoking article according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising: a heat-conducting element (120) around and in direct contact with a rear portion (122) of the combustible heat source and a front portion (124) of the aerosol forming substrate.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CA2890180C|2020-10-06|

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IL238166A|2018-12-31|

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US9918494B2|2018-03-20|

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JP2016500274A|2016-01-12|

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SG11201503057YA|2015-05-28|

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HK1211806A1|2016-06-03|

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ZA201502101B|2016-01-27|

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RU2015129713A|2017-01-26|

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CN104869855A|2015-08-26|

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TW201433268A|2014-09-01|

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CN104869855B|2018-12-14|

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ES2698327T3|2019-02-04|

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PH12015500699A1|2015-05-25|

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NZ709365A|2017-12-22|

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AR094246A1|2015-07-22|

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MY170183A|2019-07-09|

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MX2015008098A|2016-08-18|

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WO2014096317A1|2014-06-26|

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UA115150C2|2017-09-25|

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AU2013366589B2|2017-11-09|

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KR20150099771A|2015-09-01|

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PL2934207T3|2019-03-29|

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EP2934207A1|2015-10-28|

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TR201816000T4|2018-11-21|

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PH12015500699B1|2015-05-25|

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PT2934207T|2019-01-18|

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TWI629007B|2018-07-11|

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IN2015DN02564A|2015-09-11|

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KR102116700B1|2020-06-01|

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BR112015012068A2|2017-07-11|

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US20150342254A1|2015-12-03|

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AU2013366589A1|2015-04-30|

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EP2934207B1|2018-10-24|

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MX360158B|2018-10-24|

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JP6208254B2|2017-10-04|

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RU2637982C2|2017-12-08|

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CA2890180A1|2014-06-26|

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法律状态:
2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-10-08| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-02-09| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-04| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-07-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 20/12/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP12198957.8|2012-12-21|

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EP12198957|2012-12-21|

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PCT/EP2013/077604|WO2014096317A1|2012-12-21|2013-12-20|Smoking article comprising an airflow directing element|

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